本文共 7915 字,大约阅读时间需要 26 分钟。
出品:Python数据之道 (ID:PyDataLab)
作者:叶庭云,来自读者投稿
编辑:Lemon
王者荣耀这款手游,想必大家都玩过或听过,游戏里英雄有各式各样的皮肤,制作得很精美,有些拿来做电脑壁纸它不香吗。本文带你利用 Python 爬虫一键下载王者荣耀英雄皮肤壁纸。
创建一个文件夹, 里面又有按英雄名称分的子文件夹保存该英雄的所有皮肤图片。
URL:https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herolist.shtml
运行环境:Pycharm、Python3.7
需要的库
import requestsimport osimport jsonfrom lxml import etreefrom fake_useragent import UserAgentimport logging
首先打开王者荣耀官网,点击英雄资料进去。
进入新的页面后,任意选择一个英雄,检查网页。
多选择几个英雄检查网页,可以发现各个英雄页面的 URL 规律
https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/152.shtmlhttps://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/150.shtmlhttps://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/167.shtml
发现只有末尾的数字在变化,末尾的数字可以认为是该英雄的页面标识。
点击 Network,Crtl + R 刷新,可以找到一个 herolist.json 文件。
发现是乱码,但问题不大,双击这个 json 文件,将它下载下来观察,用编辑器打开可以看到。
ename 是英雄网址页面的标识;而 cname 是对应英雄的名称;skin_name 为对应皮肤的名称。
任选一个英雄页面进去,检查该英雄下面所有皮肤,观察 url 变化规律。
url变化规律如下:https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-1.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-2.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-3.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-4.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-5.jpg
复制图片链接到浏览器打开,可以看到高清大图。
观察到同一个英雄的皮肤图片 url 末尾 -{x}.jpg
从 1
开始依次递增,再来看看不同英雄的皮肤图片 url 是如何构造的。会发现, ename 这个英雄的标识不一样,获取到的图片就不一样,由 ename 参数决定。
https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/152/152-bigskin-1.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/150/150-bigskin-1.jpghttps://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/153/153-bigskin-1.jpg# 可构造图片请求链接如下https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/heroimg/{ename}/{ename}-bigskin-{x}.jpg
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""@File :王者荣耀英雄皮肤壁纸.py@Author :叶庭云@Date :2020/10/2 11:40@CSDN :https://blog.csdn.net/fyfugoyfa"""import requestsimport osimport jsonfrom lxml import etreefrom fake_useragent import UserAgentimport logging# 日志输出的基本配置logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')class glory_of_king(object): def __init__(self): if not os.path.exists("./王者荣耀皮肤"): os.mkdir("王者荣耀皮肤") # 利用fake_useragent产生随机UserAgent 防止被反爬 ua = UserAgent(verify_ssl=False, path='fake_useragent.json') for i in range(1, 50): self.headers = { 'User-Agent': ua.random } def scrape_skin(self): # 发送请求 获取响应 response = requests.get('https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/js/herolist.json', headers=self.headers) # str转为json data = json.loads(response.text) # for循环遍历data获取需要的字段 创建对应英雄名称的文件夹 for i in data: hero_number = i['ename'] # 获取英雄名字编号 hero_name = i['cname'] # 获取英雄名字 os.mkdir("./王者荣耀皮肤/{}".format(hero_name)) # 创建英雄名称对应的文件夹 response_src = requests.get("https://pvp.qq.com/web201605/herodetail/{}.shtml".format(hero_number), headers=self.headers) hero_content = response_src.content.decode('gbk') # 返回相应的html页面 解码为gbk # xpath解析对象 提取每个英雄的皮肤名字 hero_data = etree.HTML(hero_content) hero_img = hero_data.xpath('//div[@class="pic-pf"]/ul/@data-imgname') # 去掉每个皮肤名字中间的分隔符 hero_src = hero_img[0].split('|') logging.info(hero_src) # 遍历英雄src处理图片名称。 for j in range(len(hero_src)): # 去掉皮肤名字的&符号 index_ = hero_src[j].find("&") skin_name = hero_src[j][:index_] # 请求下载图片 response_skin = requests.get( "https://game.gtimg.cn/images/yxzj/img201606/skin/hero-info/{}/{}-bigskin-{}.jpg".format( hero_number, hero_number, j + 1)) # 获取图片二进制数据 skin_img = response_skin.content # 把皮肤图片保存到对应名字的文件里 with open("./王者荣耀皮肤/{}/{}.jpg".format(hero_name, skin_name), "wb")as f: f.write(skin_img) logging.info(f"{skin_name}.jpg 下载成功!!") def run(self): self.scrape_skin()if __name__ == '__main__': spider = glory_of_king() spider.run()
运行效果如下:
程序运行一段时间,英雄皮肤壁纸就都保存在本地文件夹啦,结果如下:
不建议抓取太多数据,容易对服务器造成负载,浅尝辄止即可。
通过本文爬虫,可以帮助你了解 json 数据的解析和提取需要的数据,如何通过字符串的拼接来构造URL请求。
本文利用 Python 爬虫一键下载王者荣耀英雄皮肤壁纸,实现过程中也会遇到一些问题,多思考和调试,最终解决问题,也能理解得更深刻。
代码可直接复制运行,如果觉得还不错,记得给个赞哦,也是对作者最大的鼓励,不足之处可以在评论区多多指正。
解决报错:fake_useragent.errors.FakeUserAgentError: Maximum amount of retries reached
# 报错如下Error occurred during loading data. Trying to use cache server https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1318, in do_open encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding')) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1026, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 964, in send self.connect() File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1392, in connect super().connect() File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 936, in connect (self.host,self.port), self.timeout, self.source_address) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/socket.py", line 724, in create_connection raise err File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/socket.py", line 713, in create_connection sock.connect(sa)socket.timeout: timed out During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 67, in get context=context, File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 223, in urlopen return opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 526, in open response = self._open(req, data) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 544, in _open '_open', req) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 504, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1361, in https_open context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1320, in do_open raise URLError(err)urllib.error.URLError:During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 154, in load for item in get_browsers(verify_ssl=verify_ssl): File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 97, in get_browsers html = get(settings.BROWSERS_STATS_PAGE, verify_ssl=verify_ssl) File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/fake_useragent/utils.py", line 84, in get raise FakeUserAgentError('Maximum amount of retries reached')fake_useragent.errors.FakeUserAgentError: Maximum amount of retries reached
解决方法如下:
# 将 https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11 里内容复制 并另存为本地 json 文件:fake_useragent.json# 引用ua = UserAgent(verify_ssl=False, path='fake_useragent.json')print(ua.random)运行结果如下:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1500.55 Safari/537.36
作者简介:
叶庭云
个人格言: 热爱可抵岁月漫长
CSDN博客: https://blog.csdn.net/fyfugoyfa/
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